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. Now it is impossible
that these dugs should be set transversely in rows of more than two,
one, that is, for each side of the body, the right and the left;
they must therefore be placed lengthways, and the only place where
there is sufficient length for this is the region between the front
and hind legs. As to the animals that are not polydactylous but
produce few at a birth, or have horns, their dugs are placed in the
region of the thighs. The horse, the ass, the camel are examples;
all of which bear but a single young one at a time, and of which the
two former have solid hoofs, while in the last the hoof is cloven.
As still further examples may be mentioned the deer, the ox, the goat,
and all other similar animals.
The explanation is that in these animals growth takes place in an
upward direction; so that there must be an abundant collection of
residual matter and of blood in the lower region, that is to say in
the neighbourhood of the orifices for efflux, and here therefore
nature has placed the mammae. For the place in which the nutriment
is set in motion must also be the place whence nutriment can be
derived by them. In man there are mammae in the male as well as in the
female; but some of the males of other animals are without them. Such,
for instance, is the case with horses, some stallions being
destitute of these parts, while others that resemble their dams have
them
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