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12
Some animals have all the viscera that have been enumerated;
others have only some of them. In what kind of animals this latter
is the case, and what is the explanation, has already been stated.
Moreover, the self-same viscera present differences in different
possessors. For the heart is not precisely alike in all animals that
have one; nor, in fact, is any viscus whatsoever. Thus the liver is in
some animals split into several parts, while in others it is
comparatively undivided. Such differences in its form present
themselves even among those sanguineous animals that are viviparous,
but are more marked in fishes and in the oviparous quadrupeds, and
this whether we compare them with each other or with the Vivipara.
As for birds, their liver very nearly resembles that of the
Vivipara; for in them, as in these, it is of a pure and blood-like
colour. The reason of this is that the body in both these classes of
animals admits of the freest exhalation, so that the amount of foul
residual matter within is but small. Hence it is that some of the
Vivipara are without any gall-bladder at all. For the liver takes a
large share in maintaining the purity of composition and the
healthiness of the body. For these are conditions that depend
finally and in the main upon the blood, and there is more blood in the
liver than in any of the other viscera, the heart only excepted
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