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. On
the other hand, the liver of oviparous quadrupeds and fishes inclines,
as a rule, to a yellow hue, and there are even some of them in which
it is entirely of this bad colour, in accordance with the bad
composition of their bodies generally. Such, for instance, is the case
in the toad, the tortoise, and other similar animals.
The spleen, again, varies in different animals. For in those that
have horns and cloven hoofs, such as the goat, the sheep, and the
like, it is of a rounded form; excepting when increased size has
caused some part of it to extend its growth longitudinally, as has
happened in the case of the ox. On the other hand, it is elongated
in all polydactylous animals. Such, for instance, is the case in the
pig, in man, and in the dog. While in animals with solid hoofs it is
of a form intermediate to these two, being broad in one part, narrow
in another. Such, for example, is its shape in the horse, the mule,
and the ass.
13
The viscera differ from the flesh not only in the turgid aspect of
their substance, but also in position; for they lie within the body,
whereas the flesh is placed on the outside. The explanation of this is
that these parts partake of the character of blood-vessels, and that
while the former exist for the sake of the vessels, the latter
cannot exist without them.
14
Below the midriff lies the stomach, placed at the end of the
oesophagus when there is one, and in immediate contiguity with the
mouth when the oesophagus is wanting
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