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. As though this were not enough, she demanded the right
to build all the railroads and open all the mines in the entire
province, and compelled the Chinese to pay an indemnity to the
families of the murdered priests and rebuild the church and
houses the mob had destroyed. China appealed to Russia who had
promised to protect her against all invaders. Instead of coming
to her aid, however, Russia demanded a similar cession of Port
Arthur, Talienwan and the surrounding territory which she had
refused to allow Japan to retain two years before. Not to be
outdone by the others, France demanded and received a similar
strip of territory at Kuang-chou-wan; and England found that
Wei-hai-wei would be indispensable as a kennel from which she
could guard the Russian bear on the opposite shore, but why she
should have found it necessary also to demand from China four
hundred miles of land and water around Hongkong was no doubt
difficult for Kuang Hsu to understand.
When the Empress Dowager turned over the reins of government to
her nephew she did it very much as a father would place the reins
in the hands of a child whom he was teaching to drive an
important vehicle on a dangerous road --she sat behind him still
holding the reins. Among the things reserved were that he should
kotow to her once every five days whether she were in Peking or
at the Summer Place, and she reserved such seals of office as
made it necessary for all the highest officials to come and
express their obligations to her at the same time they came to
thank the Emperor
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