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. 2. A robot must obey the orders given it by
human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. 3. A robot must protect its
own existence, as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
4 Michelangelo wrote a sonnet that begins:
Non ha l' ottimo artista alcun concetto
Ch' un marmo solo in sи non circonscriva
Col suo soverchio; e solo a quello arriva
La man che ubbidisce all' intelleto.
Stone translates this as:
The best of artists hath no thought to show
which the rough stone in its superfluous shell
doth not include; to break the marble spell
is all the hand that serves the brain can do.
Stone describes the process: "He was not working from his drawings or clay models; they had all been
put away. He was carving from the images in his mind. His eyes and hands knew where every line,
curve, mass must emerge, and at what depth in the heart of the stone to create the low relief."
(The Agony and the Ecstasy. Doubleday, 1961: 6, 144.)
5 First Foresight Conference on Nanotechnology in October 1989, a talk titled "The Future of
Computation." Published in Crandall, B. C. and James Lewis, editors.Nanotechnology: Research and
Perspectives. MIT Press, 1992: 269. See alsowww.foresight.org/Conferences/MNT01/Nano1.html.
6 In his 1963 novelCat's Cradle, Kurt Vonnegut imagined a gray-goo-like accident where a form of ice
called ice-nine, which becomes solid at a much higher temperature, freezes the oceans
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