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Now since opposition is of four kinds, and one of these two terms is
privative in meaning, they must be contraries, and neither
contradictory nor correlative in meaning. And the one derives its name
and its explanation from its contrary, the indivisible from the
divisible, because plurality and the divisible is more perceptible
than the indivisible, so that in definition plurality is prior to
the indivisible, because of the conditions of perception.
To the one belong, as we indicated graphically in our
distinction of the contraries, the same and the like and the equal,
and to plurality belong the other and the unlike and the unequal. 'The
same' has several meanings; (1) we sometimes mean 'the same
numerically'; again, (2) we call a thing the same if it is one both in
definition and in number, e.g. you are one with yourself both in
form and in matter; and again, (3) if the definition of its primary
essence is one; e.g. equal straight lines are the same, and so are
equal and equal-angled quadrilaterals; there are many such, but in
these equality constitutes unity.
Things are like if, not being absolutely the same, nor without
difference in respect of their concrete substance, they are the same
in form; e.g. the larger square is like the smaller, and unequal
straight lines are like; they are like, but not absolutely the same.
Other things are like, if, having the same form, and being things in
which difference of degree is possible, they have no difference of
degree
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