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. For the sweet and fresh elements, being light, are expended on
the flesh.
Among the Serpents, the same peculiarity attaches to vipers, as
among fishes attaches to Selachia. For both these and vipers are
externally viviparous, but previously produce ova internally.
The stomach in all these animals is single, just as it is single
in all other animals that have teeth in front of both jaws; and
their viscera are excessively small, as always happens when there is
no bladder. In serpents these viscera are, moreover, differently
shaped from those of other animals. For, a serpent's body being long
and narrow, its contents are as it were moulded into a similar form,
and thus come to be themselves elongated.
All animals that have blood possess an omentum, a mesentery,
intestines with their appendages, and, moreover, a diaphragm and a
heart; and all, excepting fishes, a lung and a windpipe. The
relative positions, moreover, of the windpipe and the oesophagus are
precisely similar in them all; and the reason is the same as has
already been given.
2
Almost all sanguineous animals have a gall-bladder. In some this
is attached to the liver, in others separated from that organ and
attached to the intestines, being apparently in the latter case no
less than in the former an appendage of the lower stomach. It is in
fishes that this is most clearly seen
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