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. So, too, there are many senses in which a thing is
said to be, but all refer to one starting-point; some things are
said to be because they are substances, others because they are
affections of substance, others because they are a process towards
substance, or destructions or privations or qualities of substance, or
productive or generative of substance, or of things which are relative
to substance, or negations of one of these thing of substance
itself. It is for this reason that we say even of non-being that it is
nonbeing. As, then, there is one science which deals with all
healthy things, the same applies in the other cases also. For not only
in the case of things which have one common notion does the
investigation belong to one science, but also in the case of things
which are related to one common nature; for even these in a sense have
one common notion. It is clear then that it is the work of one science
also to study the things that are, qua being.-But everywhere science
deals chiefly with that which is primary, and on which the other
things depend, and in virtue of which they get their names. If,
then, this is substance, it will be of substances that the philosopher
must grasp the principles and the causes.
Now for each one class of things, as there is one perception, so
there is one science, as for instance grammar, being one science,
investigates all articulate sounds
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