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Thus it is that no animal that has horns has also front teeth in
both jaws, those in the upper jaw being deficient. For nature by
subtracting from the teeth adds to the horns; the nutriment which in
most animals goes to the former being here spent on the augmentation
of the latter. Does, it is true, have no horns and yet are equally
deficient with the males as regards the teeth. The reason, however,
for this is that they, as much as the males, are naturally
horn-bearing animals; but they have been stripped of their horns,
because these would not only be useless to them but actually
baneful; whereas the greater strength of the males causes these
organs, though equally useless, to be less of an impediment. In
other animals, where this material is not secreted from the body in
the shape of horns, it is used to increase the size of the teeth; in
some cases of all the teeth, in others merely of the tusks, which thus
become so long as to resemble horns projecting from the jaws.
So much, then, of the parts which appertain to the head.
3
Below the head lies the neck, in such animals as have one. This is
the case with those only that have the parts to which a neck is
subservient. These parts are the larynx and what is called the
oesophagus. Of these the former, or larynx, exists for the sake of
respiration, being the instrument by which such animals as breathe
inhale and discharge the air
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