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The several parts which are set on the head have now, pretty
nearly all, been considered. In man, however, the part which lies
between the head and the neck is called the face, this name,
(prosopon) being, it would seem, derived from the function of the
part. For as man is the only animal that stands erect, he is also
the only one that looks directly in front (proso) and the only one
whose voice is emitted in that direction.
2
We have now to treat of horns; for these also, when present, are
appendages of the head. They exist in none but viviparous animals;
though in some ovipara certain parts are metaphorically spoken of as
horns, in virtue of a certain resemblance. To none of such parts,
however, does the proper office of a horn belong; for they are never
used, as are the horns of vivipara, for purposes which require
strength, whether it be in self-protection or in offensive strife.
So also no polydactylous animal is furnished with horns. For horns are
defensive weapons, and these polydactylous animals possess other means
of security. For to some of them nature has given claws, to others
teeth suited for combat, and to the rest some other adequate defensive
appliance. There are horns, however, in most of the cloven-hoofed
animals, and in some of those that have a solid hoof, serving them
as an offensive weapon, and in some cases also as a defensive one
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